Micro Unknown Lab Report Essay Example

Micro Unknown Lab Report Paper The rationale of performing these tests was to distinguish six different microbes room one another and to compare how their metabolic and biochemical processes differ from species to species to determine the unknown sample. The tests included: Triple sugar iron agar (TSAR), the Sulfide Indolent Mobility (SIMI) test, Glucose fermentation, the Methyl Red test, the Vogues-Prosperous test, Citrate test, the Areas Test, and finally the Gelatin test. The microbes that were tested during this lab were: Escherichia coli, Entertainer arrogates, Kielbasa pneumonia, Protest miracles, Pseudopodia organisms, and Salmonella typographic. The sample labeled #11 could have been any of the six microbes. A gram stain was performed to assess the shape and other characteristics of the bacteria, and to ensure that there was no gram positive contamination. Gram positive cells have a thick outer pedagogical layer that traps the crystal violet-iodine complex more than gram negative cells. As a result, they are less vulnerable to the De-colonization step with alcohol making them appear purple in color, while the gram bacteria negative appear pink. Triple sugar iron agar slant tests for multiple things: sugar fermentation of glucose, lactose, and sucrose, and the production carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The gases are easy to identify. If any carbon dioxide is produced cracks or bubbles appear inside of the medium, and sometimes enough CO is produced to push the slant up towards the top, this will be reported as +g. We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Unknown Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Unknown Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Unknown Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The HAS is identified by how the gas reacts with an iron compound and makes the agar turn black. There are two possible types of sugar reactions that take place in the areas of the butt and the slant of the medium. The outcome of sugar metabolism will be acid production, so the pH indicator phenol red will turn yellow, and be reported as A. If there is no sugar diabolism, or alkaline by-products are made, will cause the indicator to stay the same color red, and reported as a K. THIS medium is prepared as a shallow agar with a deep butt, providing for both an aerobic and anaerobic environment. A THIS medium must be checked within about 12 hours to see if it ferments glucose, and again after 24 hours to see if it ferments lactose and sucrose. If the slant returns to being red and the butt is still yellow after this time period, the organism ferments glucose but not the other sugars. If it is completely yellow after the time interval, this indicates that the organism ferments all here sugars. SIMI Medium is used as differential test of microorganisms on the basis of hydrogen sulfide production, indolent production, and motility. The Sulfur reduction test is useful in differentiating enteric organisms, the Indolent test is used for differentiating the Interchangeable, and the Motility test is useful for testing a wide variety of organisms (condonable. Com). Casein is rich in thyrotrophic which is reduced and produces indolent by the enzyme transparency. Ferric ammonium sulfate is the indicator for HAS production. Once the medium was done incubating Kvass reagent was added to the tube. If the sample was positive the reagent would have a color change to red, if the reagent remained clear, a negative result was reported. Glucose fermentation uses Phenol Red Broth as differential test medium typically used to differentiate based on the color change of the pH indicator. Phenol red turns yellow below a pH of 6. 8, pink above a pH of 7. 4, and remains red in between. A Durham tube is used to collect any gas that may be produced, and is reported as (+g) if a bubble appears on the inside and (-) if the organism cannot ferment the glucose and no bubble is trapped inside the tube. If the broth turns yellow, it means that acid was produced and reported as A. If the organism can break down the amino acids be De-animation and ammonia is produced, this will raise the pH level turning it pink. This alkaline result was reported as K. The Methyl Red test is a differential test for bacterial respiration used to differentiate strains of chloroform bacteria capable of performing mixed acid fermentation that will lower the pH despite the phosphate buffer (http://faculty. Deanna. FDA. Due). Mixed acid fermentation is confirmed by using methyl red as an indicator. It is red ant pH 4. And below, allow at pH 6. 2 and above, and orange in between. Red is a positive result reported as (+), yellow is a negative result reported as and orange is negative or inconclusive. The Vogues-Prosperous test to detect organisms that are able to ferment glucose, but convert the products to action and 2,3-butadiene. This is deduced by the addition of Reagent A and Reagent B, and the observation of the color change thereafter. Reagent A is a solution of -naphtha and alc ohol. Reagent A catalysts the conversion of action to dedicate. Dedicate teens react with guanidine-containing compounds from the potent to form a red color in he presence of -naphtha. Reagent B is a solution of potassium hydroxide and water. It absorbs CO in the medium and acts as an oxidation agent, cataloging the reaction that converts action to dedicate (Dalton. Com). After the UP reagents have been added, a red color is observed, this is a positive result reported as if a copper color develops, the result is negative and reported as Citrate test uses Simmons citrate agar to see if the organism is able to utilize citrate as a carbon source. Only bacteria that possess the enzyme citrate-permeate can transport citrate inside the cell so it can be converted into private. Simmons citrate agar utilizes sodium citrate as its only carbon source and ammonium phosphate as the nitrogen source. The pH indicator biorhythms blue dye is green at a pH of 6. 9 and blue at pH of 7. 6. Bacteria that can survive on the agar and utilize the citrate, alkaline the agar by breaking down the ammonium phosphate to ammonia and ammonium hydroxide, both increase the PH. Any change to a blue color is a positive result reported as (+), and if there is no change and the agar remains green the result is negative and reported as (-). The Urea hydrolysis is catcalled by the enzyme areas. Areas catalysts the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia using water. A urea broth is used that contains yeast extract as its only nutrient source, buffers to inhibit localization of the medium, and phenol red as a pH indicator. Phenol red in this solution will be yellow or orange bellow pH 8. And pink above, to show any increase in PH. A pink color in the both indicates a positive result and reported as and an orange or yellow appearance the result is negative and reported as G). The Gelatin test is used to see if the microbe produces the enzyme gelatins. Gelatin is a protein made from collagen, made from animal connective tissue. Gelatins is an extracurricular proteolysis enzyme that aids in the breakdown of protein into amino acids (Harsh 244). Gelatin is used as the medium, which can liquid at room temperature but solidifies at about ICC. Since the gelatins enzyme can be quite slow, an incubation time o one week is needed. A positive test result will be reported if the sample remains a liquid after it is placed in the cold room, and a negative result will be reported if it re-solidifies. Experimental Proceed rest: The tests performed provided key information about the unknown bacteria and how it carries out its metabolic functions. The visualization of bacteria at the microscopic level is made possible by the use of various stains, which react with elements present in some cells but not others. The Gram stain was utilized in this procedure in four essential steps: apply the primary stain crystal violet, fix with iodine, decolonize with 95% ethyl alcohol to wash out the crystal violet-iodine complex, and the counter-stain Safaris was added. THIS medium was inoculated using an inoculating needle by stabbing the agar through the butt, and then the addle was pulled out and a streak was made up the slant. The THIS medium was incubated at ICC and checked after 18 and 24 hours for a change in color. ITS contains the three carbohydrates glucose, sucrose, and lactose. The medium also contains animal and yeast extract, and peptides as the sources of nitrogen, vitamins and minerals, and ferrous ammonium sulfate as the indicator for HAS. Phenol red is the pH indicator. (macromolecular. Org) The SIMI medium contains casein digest and animal digest to provide peptides to provide nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for growth. The SIMI medium was inoculated by stabbing the medium with an inoculating needle, and incubated at ICC for 24 to 48 hours. Once the medium was done incubating Kvass reagent was added to the tube to check for indolent production. Phenol Red Broth, used for glucose fermentation, contains potent, phenol red (a pH indicator), a Durham tube, and glucose. The broth is inoculated with the inoculating loop, and incubated at ICC for 48 hours. The Methyl Red broth contains potent, glucose, and a phosphate buffer. The broth is inoculated with the inoculating loop, and incubated at ICC for 48 hours. Once the sample is done incubating, a 1. 0 ml aliquot is taken and three drops of the Methyl red indicator is added. The results of a red color can be observed immediately if it is positive, otherwise it is a negative result. The Vogues-Prosperous broth contains potent, glucose, and a phosphate buffer just as in the MR.. Broth. The broth is inoculated with the inoculating loop, and incubated at ICC for 48 hours. Once the sample is done incubating, a 1. 0 ml aliquot is taken and 15 drops of Reagent A is added along with 5 drops of Reagent B. The result is monitored at ten minute intervals for 1 hour. The results of a red color can be observed if it is positive, otherwise it is a negative result if there is no color change. The Citrate test was lightly inoculated using an inoculating needle by streaking the slants with the unknown, incubated at ICC for 48 hours, and read for a color change. The Urea hydrolysis uses Rusticating and Stuart broth that contains yeast extract, monobasic potassium phosphate, adiabatic potassium phosphate, urea, and phenol red. The broth was heavily inoculated with the inoculating loop and incubated at ICC for 24 hours. The Gelatin test uses gelatin agar that also contains beef extract and potent. The medium is stab inoculated with an inoculating needle and incubated at ICC for up to 7 days. The sample is then placed in the cold room to check for re- solidification. Results: The gram stain procedure showed to be all gram negative pink, straight rods. They had no particular arrangement or clustering. TSAR SIMI test Glucose fermentation The Methyl Red test The Vogues-Prosperous test Citrate test The Areas Test Gelatin test Conclusion: Entertainer arrogates Material Methods Gram negative cells have a thinner pedagogical layer and a lipid membrane external to the cell wall

2017 Redesigned PSAT Registration

2017 Redesigned PSAT Registration Sophomores and juniors across the country always get a little bit nervous when October rolls around because they know its PSAT test time. And if they dont know, their parents are probably going to remind them. If youre one of those students biting your nails to the quick, dont sweat it. Although, the Redesigned PSAT takes place for the third time ever in October of 2017, you really dont have to do too much to complete your PSAT registration. Heres what you need to know to secure your registration and make sure you take the test that could qualify you for a National Merit Scholarship. Important Redesigned PSAT Registration details: The 2016  PSAT Test dates are Wednesday, October 11, 2017, Saturday, October 14, 2017, or Wednesday, October 25, 2017.The PSAT registration fee is $16 in 2017, although you may not pay anything at all because some schools cover the cost of the entire test for their students. Some schools, however may charge you an additional fee to cover administrative costs, so check with your school counselors before you pony up the money.  When are PSAT scores released?You can get a fee waiver if youre in 11th grade, from a low-income family, and cant afford the testing fee. You will need to meet certain requirements in order to establish your familys income, however, so be sure to read the fee waiver link before testing.  You do not need to register by yourself. Your guidance counselors will set up the registration for you. If PSAT registration is not brought to your attention in school, simply go to your counselor and request to be regtstered for the PSAT.  If you miss the test for some reason and still want to know how youll fare on the SAT, you can ask your counselor for copies of the Official Student Guide to the PSAT/NMSQT or the SAT Preparation Bookletâ„ ¢. If youre home-schooled and would like to take the test, just contact your local public high school to make arrangements - its your right to take it, so theyll get you the appropriate registration information.If you have a disability and require accommodations, they are available to you, but they can take weeks to be accepted. Its important that you start the request early so there is enough time for the College Board to complete your request. You can submit the requests online or with your schools help. Heres the info to do that.   Before You Take the PSAT Before you decide to complete your PSAT registration, you should do a few things. First,  learn the Redesigned PSAT basics. This test is completely different than the old PSAT that your older brothers and sisters have taken. The  PSAT Math Section,  PSAT Reading Section  and  PSAT Writing and Language Section  are all brand new. So what did you miss? If you have no idea what any of these changes are, take a peek at this chart:  Old PSAT vs. Redesigned PSAT.   You can prepare for the PSAT easily with Khan Academy. They provide free PSAT prep to anyone who signs up to ensure that anyone who is interested has equal access to test prep and can score his or her personal bests.

Answer some guiding questions and then write a short essay with given

Answer some guiding questions and then write a short with given sources - Essay Example For this reason, culture is ordinary because it largely depends on external forces. This implies that secondary influential forces such as cultural assimilation and other languages can easily make an individual adopt a new culture and language. The legacies Williams refer to, in his arguments relating to the central cultural problem of our society, are pretence, overdependence on modernization, globalization, and the institutionalization of a culture as a social process. Culture has been manipulated in the recent past, and the blame for this manipulation is on human hands. Cultural purity has, therefore, not been observed especially due to ever-looming modernity. Additionally, cultural serenity has been impossible because the world has become a global village. Through these legacies, Williams argues that acculturation and multi-cultures have globally emerged, and this undermines the centrality of societies (Williams 97). This is the period Williams describes as the time cultural manipulation outrageously outgrown beyond repair (Williams 98). In his first dimension, Harvey outlines three types of space and time, which include absolute space, relative space and rational space-time. According to Harvey (2009), an absolute space is immovable and fixed (134). Sir Isaac Newton and Descartes also amplify this space. Absolute space, just like absolute humidity, can be understood geographically as a pre-existing, lilaceous, continuous and an unchanging framework. Relative space, on the other hand, is differentiated from absolute space by the name it is associated with (Harvey 145). It is usually inclined towards one of the non-Euclidean geometries and Albert Einstein’s theories. Relative space pre-eminently and irrationally presents the space of process and motion. Three ways of understanding space laid out in Harvey’s second (Lefebvrian) dimension are Cassirer’s distinction among organic compounds, perpetual and symbolic space (Harvey 134). Symbolic

High Tech Computer Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

High Tech Computer Corporation - Research Paper Example The products it offers are of high quality yet they are available at affordable prices for the middle-class earners; a population that is very high in the world today. Today, one can rightfully say that the HTC Corporation is the top of the list when it comes to highly innovative companies in the world today. HTC Corporation was founded in 1997 when Cher Mi Wang partnered with HT Cho and Peter Chou. Their main of coming together was to form a company that would be in a position to manufacture phones that would serve as communication gadgets as well as personal assistant to the users (General books, 2010). The project did not kick off as planned and the partners ended up utilizing a lot of capital while incurring losses. The Wang family was by then one of the richest families in Taiwan and their riches came in handy once the partnership went flat broke. They were given the permission to use the wealth to acquire whatever it was that they needed to bring the company back on its feet. Cher Mi Wang invested heavily in the improvement of engineering and design sections of the company as they were more wanting. With the company up and running again, the partners decided to add to their objectives to adapt to the market. They decided that apart from manufacturing the phones that they initially planned to manufacture, they would also produce products for other brands. The new plan resulted in the manufacturing of a mobile computer in 2000 for the Compaq Corporation. HP also hired HTC Corporation to manufacture a mobile computer for them after seeing the success of the one produced for Compaq. HTC attracted the attention of big wireless providers such as Vodafone, Orange, Sprint Nextel and Verizon Wireless when it produced the first pocket personal computers (PCs) that operated under the Microsoft operating systems.

Mary Queen of Scots Opera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mary Queen of Scots Opera - Essay Example But this one added some important facts that are worth remembering. The opera started at exactly 2:00 pm. The stage has the symphony playing in the bottom front of stage area, kind of like a second floor underneath visible to the audience from the mezzanine.Once the orchestra started to play the opening music the opera house was very silent. Mary Queen of Scots opera belongs to the category soloist and orchestra. The orchestra consist of the following instrument, flute, oboe clarinet, saxophone, bassoon, horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba, percussion, harp keyboard, violin 1, violin 2, viola cello, doublebass, continuo, electronic tape, and the voice from the soloist. The music produce by the orchestra are quite relaxing and the music are appropriate in the scene. Mary Queen of Scots opera is about the rivalry of two cousins, Queen Elizabeth and Mary Stuart. The opera was done in a recitative way. It is done by adopting the rhythm of ordinary speech into singing. The opera was accompanied by the orchestra. In the part wherein Maria Stuart and Queen Elizabeth was about to meet the orchestra plays in a rhythmic modes that connote a haunting motive. This mode was done by the string instrument in the orchestra. The scene was between Lester and Queen Elizabeth waiting for Maria Stuart to arrive. ... Queen Elizabeth's question where answered in a literal and logical musical response. The rhythmic music continues as Queen Elizabeth is nervous to see Mary Stuart. The scene becomes more intense and then the orchestra started playing simple music loudly. Every time the scene becomes intense the orchestra starting playing it loud to help the soloist feels his role. The meeting of Maria Stuart and Queen Elizabeth is the main part of the opera. The confrontation was accompanied by a soft music at first. As the scene become intense the orchestra becomes intense as well. Music that can be felt inside of you. The orchestra adopted its music very well in every scene making Queen Mary Scots as one opera worth watching for. Queen Elizabeth decision of putting Mary Scots in jail has made the story more intense. The orchestra plays hard to let the audience feel the intensity of the scene. No matter how Leister ask for the release of Mary, Queen Elizabeth stay firm with her decision that she should be hang. In the opera solo act was accompanied by music from the rhythmic part to the intense part. This opera is worth watching for. The orchestra was great and the dresses and accessory where really fit the stage. The overall performances of the character are great.

The benefits of paid parental leave

The benefits of paid parental leave In 2007, around 280 000 mothers gave birth in Australia and around 175 000 of these were working mothers who intend to work again. Consequently, there is a significant number of working mothers who require taking leave from work. There have been debates in Australia over a proposal of a statutory scheme that would offer paid parental leave to parents. The concern of paid parental leave has been significant because of the increasing womens part on jobs, family income sources and children carers. Womens participation in work has increased compared to the past. Female aged 25 to 34 years had increased from 45 to 70 per cent from 1978 to 2008 whereas mens participation in the same age range fell by 4 per cent (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 5.6). There are three proposed objectives for a paid parental leave, such as the wellbeing improvement of families, especially child and mothers health, associated with leave from work around the baby birth and secured financial during that period; enc ouragement of women to return to the workforce by the social welfare and tax system; and by the norms of community, having family time is the basic human rights for many people including fathers and the importance of caring and valuing children. This paper will discuss the major issues and models with regard to paid leave and the methods to assess these models. Paid parental leave provides benefits for parents, especially for mothers. From the mothers point of view, paid parental leave allows her to take a longer leave from job than she could otherwise have afforded and to enjoy extra financial assistance. However, problems arise with the paid parental leave. The first major issue is that the mothers attachment to the job might be deteriorated along with extended period a home; her skills will decline and as a result will create obstacles to her return (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 5.17). Moreover, the impacts of paid leave on labour market also broaden beyond parents too. For instance, paid leave affects employees wage rates and may discriminate against women because employers alert that female employees might have children in the future. There are incentives for discrimination on women if paid parental leave actually increases the costs to the employers. The absence of employee inflicts costs on employers, this may include leave administ ration costs, hiring and training replacement costs which will reduce the productivity level (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 24). However, on the employee side, the incentives to stay inside labour force and to choose occupation and employer are determined by the costs and benefits of these choices, which unnecessarily a monetary value. People outside the labour force get welfare transfers and benefits from untaxed work that they do, but they might be marginalized socially and economically. However, people inside the labour force get wages and benefits from parental leave and childcare rebates, but it might be difficult to balance between the importance of caring and working. The second issue of paid parental leave is concerned with the impact of paid generosity and leave duration. More generous payments increase the financial support for women and encourage them to return to work. On the other hand, greater generosity increases the length of leave from work. At some circumstances, the employment benefits are eroded by excessive absence from work which would reduce work skills and productivity. Moreover, female labour wages would increase slowly if female labour supply increases while demand is not following due to the paid parental leave (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 5.2). Employers might also reduce wage when excessive absence from work increases costs for employers. Therefore, the productivity, wages and female labour skills rises as long as the duration of leave is not excessively long. Third issue is the paid parental leave concerns with the equitably issue. In principle, paid leave should pay attention to the fairness in both horizontal and vertical dimensions (Commonwealth of Australia, p. 1.19). Horizontal equity refers to individuals and families in similar economic situations and being treated similarly whereas vertical equity refers to individuals and families in different economic situations and being treated in a different manner. However, equity is difficult to achieve in practice. People will be treated differently for different situations and it is inevitable. For instance, paying paid parental leave to working mothers may be seem as equitable but not equitable for women not working in the legal labour force. Replacement wages paid by employer seems to be more equitable for low income earners than a government-funded scheme that pays the minimum wage. Fourth major issue of paid leave in Australia is that only one-third of women labour force is eligible for the paid leave because women in Australia is highly segmented and in part-time employment, all of which are reducing females eligibility to paid leave (Baird, M., 2002). Fifth issue is the payment of parental leave. A payment equivalent to their minimum weekly income is justified if the objective is to assure their demand. However, full income payment is justified if the objective is to assure their social and economic independence (Frank, M., p.317). The final issue is regarding the funding source. There is an argument over which parties responsible to fund the leave as small employers cannot afford and thus women will be discriminated in work force. Australia has the lowest level of women labour force participation in the OECD (AEU Federal, p.2). If women labour force is declining, this will raise the inflation and reduce productivity and there will be a shortage of labour supply. Thus, women with paid leave tend to return to work than those without and will push-up the labour supply. To illustrate the paid parental leave, it is important to compare the different parental leave models in different countries. The Swedish parental leave system is seen to be a good model because of its commitment to developing equality between men and women and because of its generosity of payment. The Swedish allows parents a twelve-month of absence from work in regard to birth and parents either father or mother receive 90 per cent untaxed of their salary for their first nine months of leave (Allen, J.P., p.248). Whereas in Germany, parents are allowed to take leave for a shorter time of period only compared to Sweden because women in West Germ any have not entered the labour force as many as other industrialized countries. Only women are eligible to receive the leave payment and that also depends on their incomes. However, the United States is among the few industrialized countries that do not provide employment benefits, including sickness benefit, health insurance benefits, and paternal benefits. Therefore, to compare the equality issue between these three countries, the paid parental leave provided in Sweden and Germany helps female labour force to enter and remain at work, whereas female labour force tend to exit the labour force in the United States. Sweden is the most generous in paid parental leave and should be considered as a model in Australia whereas the U.S. fails to provide equality and support for parents and children. There are several models with regard to paid leave. First, 52 weeks paid parental leave starts with 26 weeks paid leave now, 39 by 2012 and 52 by 2016. Second, 26 weeks basic paid maternity and supporting parent leave as follows: (i) Basic Paid Maternity Leave (BPML) provision in which Australia should provide paid basic maternity leave of 24 weeks for all working women, and (ii) Basic Paid supporting Parent Leave (BPPL) provision in which Australia should provide basic paid partner leave of 2 weeks for all supporting partners. Third, the paid partner leave: use it or lose it in which partners who do not use their paid leave will not be able to reallocate it to mothers. This system induces fathers to take leave efficiently. Fourth, the existing paid maternity leave. Fifth, the basic payments through employers in which government provide payment similar to employers for employee and taxable. Payment through employers is desirable because all factors of employment will not be missed ou t. Sixth, the simultaneous leave in which parents can take leave simultaneously. Finally, the provision of rights to be protected from discrimination and the rights to return to work after their leave (Hill and Pocock, p.11). There are two methods to evaluate financial of paid leave and they have to be implemented simultaneously to provide the most effective paid leave policy. First, the income of financial contributor should not be affected. Second, the method should not create negative economic incentives. For example, an employer pays for his employees leave and financial method encourage the employer not to hire a female worker who would likely to take the leave (Frank, M., p.319). To summarize, paid parental leave is a system that provides benefits for mothers who give birth to achieve specific social and economic outcomes. There are three proposed objectives for a paid parental leave, such as the wellbeing improvement of families, especially child and mothers health, associated with leave from work around the baby birth and secured financial during that period; encouragement of women to return to the workforce by the social welfare and tax system; and by the norms of community, having family time is the basic human rights for many people including fathers and the importance of caring and valuing children. To help inducing the benefits of paid parental leave, it is necessary for financial assistance for mothers in order for them to spend time with their newborn babies, rather than just taking financial assistance, limit their leave and exit the labour force. The paid leave system has particular objectives that are valued differently to individual. In order to deliver those objectives efficiently, the system should provide incentives for mothers to increase the absence time from work to be with their child and to return and remain to the workforce. Parental leave would be a crucial system to encourage labour market efficiency and would represent the equality between men and women in the workforce.

Free Trade With China :: essays research papers

China will continue its efforts to enter into the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinese Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi said in Beijing on April 21 during her talks with Renato Ruggiero, director-general of WTO. Wu said that although China hopes to solve this problem as soon as possible, it is prepared for new difficulties and obstacles it will face in the entry process. No matter what the outcome, she said, China will not stop but rather speed up its reform and opening drive. She noted that China's position on entering WTO is firm and clear, and China's entry will be not only beneficial to China but also to all members of WTO and the development of the world economy. Wu said that China asked to join the multi-national trade system 11 years ago because the country realized at that time that the objectives of the reform and opening are to gradually change from the planned economy to a socialist market economy. China's participation in the WTO shares the aims of reform and opening, as well as those of the socialist market economy, which was advocated by the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. Wu said she is satisfied with the progress made in the recent third meeting of the Chinese working group, saying it indicates that as long as the parties concerned have a sincere desire to solve the problem, and bring that sincerity to the negotiation table, the discussions will move forward. The major negotiation parties should work harder to be flexible and down to earth, in order to make the most of the current opportunity, she said, adding that China's efforts alone are not enough. Wu said that major members of WTO should not take China's development potential as reality and therefore make an unrealistic evaluation of the situation. China firmly opposes economic hegemonism and hopes that major negotiating parties will raise their requirement on a legal basis and within the mechanism and scope of WTO agreements, she noted. In the meantime, she continued, they should also take into consideration China's economic status as a developing country and its social and economic situation.